OPTIMIZATION OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SCHEDULING SYSTEM TO MINIMISE ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS USING PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES

Abstract

Urban transport systems are crucial for economic development and mobility; however, they often overlook potential environmental health risks associated with prolonged commuter exposure to ionizing radiation and air pollutants. Particularly in regions with radon-prone geological formations and inadequate station ventilation, the risk of chronic radiation exposure is compounded by crowding and inefficient scheduling. This study presents an innovative approach based on radiation biophysics principles to model public transport schedules within Kaduna metropolis. Results indicate a significant reduction in both exposure levels and congestion, with up to 51.7% dose reduction achieved in the high-risk underground terminal after optimization. This interdisciplinary model not only contributes to safer public health outcomes but also introduces a replicable framework for transport authorities and urban planners to mitigate environmental exposure risks.