IPOB'S MILITANT AGITATIONS AND THE PHYSICAL SECURITY OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE SOUTH EAST NIGERIA REGION.

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of the Indigenous People of Biafra’s (IPOB) militant agitations—particularly through its armed wing, the Eastern Security Network (ESN)—on the physical security of residents in South East Nigeria. It also evaluates the effectiveness of the Nigerian government’s security measures in addressing these threats. Grounded in Relative Deprivation theory, the research adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected using a structured, five-point Likert-scale questionnaire administered to a representative sample across the region. Using Yamane’s (1967) formula, 390 questionnaires were distributed, with 360 successfully returned and analyzed using SPSS Version 27. Findings indicate that IPOB’s activities have led to a notable decline in regional security. Clashes with security forces, the emergence of unidentified gunmen, and the violent imposition of sit-at-home orders have intensified insecurity. While local peacebuilding initiatives have tried to foster dialogue, the government's predominantly military approach has proven largely ineffective. The study concludes that IPOB’s agitation has significantly undermined human security, escalating fear, instability, and rights violations. It recommends a shift from force-based interventions to intelligence-led, community-centered strategies that prioritize human rights and rebuild public trust in law enforcement agencies.

Keywords: Physical Security, Militant Agitation, IPOB.