The Role of Good Governance in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) In Nigeria

Abstract

Good governance is a fundamental driver of sustainable development and plays a crucial role in the effective implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Nigeria. The exclusion of marginalised groups, including women, youth, and rural populations, from decision-making processes has perpetuated inequalities and hindered inclusive development. This study examines the relationship between governance and SDG achievement, highlighting key governance principles, including transparency, accountability, the rule of law, and citizen participation. Using a literature review approach and thematic analysis, this research synthesizes existing studies, policy documents, and reports published between 2020 and 2023 to identify governance challenges and their impact on SDG implementation. The findings reveal that corruption, political instability, weak institutional frameworks, and policy inconsistency have significantly hindered Nigeria’s progress toward achieving the SDGs. Corruption, in particular, has led to the misallocation of resources, poor service delivery, and a lack of public trust in governance structures. Furthermore, inadequate institutional capacity and limited citizen engagement have negatively affected policy execution and inclusive development. The study recommends strengthening anti-corruption measures, improving institutional efficiency, ensuring policy continuity, and fostering participatory governance. Therefore, by addressing these governance deficits, Nigeria can enhance its capacity to achieve sustainable development, reduce inequality, and improve socio-economic conditions. This research underscores the need for governance reforms as a prerequisite for achieving Nigeria’s SDG targets and long-term development goals.