The study was carried out to examine human resources development and job performance of librarians in state university libraries in Bayelsa State. Four research questions and four objectives were raised to guide the study. The descriptive survey research design was adopted in carrying out the study, with a population of thirty-three (33) professional librarians in Bayelsa state. The census sampling techniques were adopted to select the respondents. Data were analyzed using a mean to compute data based on the number of respondents. The findings of the study revealed that human resources development practices (career advancement opportunities, training and re-training of personnel, mentoring of personnel, and performance appraisal) have a significant effect on job performance. Human resources development is important for the job performance of librarians. The challenges of human resources development amongst others include: inadequate expertise on development programs, library managers not giving adequate support to human resources development, and inadequate facilities to train with. The strategies for effective human resource development for the job performance of librarians include: the provision of necessary facilities to train library personnel, provision of service training, short courses, and seminars for staff, each library should have a staff development policy, amongst others. Based on the findings, it was recommended amongst others that state university library management should consider university library management should consider implementing resource development programmes that would help motivate librarians for enhanced job performance.