Chief Editor 

Professor Emeka E. Ene

FCA, FNAA, ACTI, MNES, Director, Centre for Foundation and Interdisciplinary Studies, BAZE University, Abuja, Nigeria

Managing Editor:

• Dr. MichaelI. Elikwu, MAMN

Entrepreneurship Unit, CFIS, BAZE University, Abuja

Editorial Board Secretary:

• Dr. Taofeek Owoseni 

Entrepreneurship Unit, CFIS, BAZE University, Abuja

Editorial I.T Administrator:

Mr. Rhema Ekpah Oguche 

General Studies Unit, BAZE University, Abuja

Co-Editors

Dr.Morakinyo, Barnabas Ojo         Faculty of Environmental Sciences, BAZE University, Abuja.

Dr. Wiseman Ubochioma   -             Faculty of Law, BAZE University, Abuja, Nigeria

Dr. Swesme EnyoiomaAlozie -      Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, BAZE University, Abuja.

Dr. Barnabas Sulieman                       Faculty of Management and Social Sciences, BAZE University, Abuja.

Dr. Josephine C. Ene                              Faculty of Management and Social Sciences, BAZE University, Abuja

Dr. Abdulazeez Juwon Rotimi         Faculty of Engineering, BAZE University, Abuja.

Dr. Najashi Gafai                                     Faculty of Engineering, BAZE University, Abuja.

Dr. Yusuf Murtadha                               Centre for Foundation and Interdisciplinary Studies, BAZE University, Abuja, Nigeria.

Dr. Chimezie Nwosu                              Centre for Foundation and Interdisciplinary Studies, BAZE University, Abuja, Nigeria

Dr. Kazeem Akande                              Faculty of Computing and Applied Sciences, BAZEUniversity, Abuja, Nigeria.

Dr. Catherine Wali                                  Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, BAZE University, Abuja, Nigeria.

Dr. Bridget Anigbogu                        Faculty of Law, BAZE University, Abuja, Nigeria.

Mrs. Chioma Ekweani Precious   Faculty of Environmental Sciences, BAZE University, Abuja, Nigeria.

Mr. Charles Isah Seidu                     Faculty of Computing and Applied Sciences, BAZE University, Abuja, Nigeria.

BUJEIS EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

Prof. Linus Osuagwu, 

B.Sc. Tech (FUTO), M.Sc., PhD (UNILAG), Professor of Business (Marketing), Veritas University, Abuja, Nigeria

Prof. Perekunah Eregha

Professor of Economics, Pan - Atlantic University, Lekki, Lagos, Nigeria

Prof Anthony U. Obayi

Professor of Business Education and Entrepreneurial Studies. Dean College of Management Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture (MOUA), Umudike, Abia State

Professor Ali B-Jahromi

PhD, MSc, BEng, FHEA, CEng, FICE, Professor of Civil Engineering University of West London

Prof Tudor, I Chinnah

PhD, MSc ClinEd, MSc, BMedSci (Hons), SFHEA. Associate Professor of Human Anatomy & Medical Education (E&S). University of Exeter Medical School

Prof. Tyoor, Fredrick M. Terhemba 

Professor of Governance and Public Policy, International Academy for Gender and Peace, Abuja Nigeria

Prof Kulomri Jaule Adogbo 

Professor of Quantity Surveying, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Prof. Gabriel Sunday Oladipo, FASN. 

Anatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port- Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria

Prof Gordian C. Obute 

Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State

Prof. Abdullahi Mohammed 

Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State.

 Prof. Nachamada Vachaku Blamah 

Department of Computer Science, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

Prof Kathleen Okafor

Professor of Law Corporate and Industrial Law. Faculty of Law, Baze University, Abuja

 Dr. Weiheng Jiang

Associate Professor of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing China

Dr Oluwatoyin Johnson Popoola, 

JP, PhD, MBA, FCTI, RPA, CFA, AM(M), FCA.

Associate Professor, University Utara Malaysia, Malaysia

Dr Muhammed Uthman

Associate Professor of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Abuja.

Dr. Hellen Jekelle

Associate Professor of Management Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies, Baze University, Abuja

EDITORIAL COMMENT

Baze University Journal of Entrepreneurship and Interdisciplinary Studies (BUJEIS) is an entrepreneurship oriented interdisciplinary peer-reviewed journal with the mandate to publish well researched academic articles from interdisciplinary faculties of institutions within Nigeria, Africa and Global communities at large. The journal is being hosted by the Centre for Foundations and Interdisciplinary Studies of Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria. BUJEIS provides a collection of scholarly researched articles on contemporary entrepreneurship and interdisciplinary matters. The journal was conceptualized to bridge the gap created by dearth of highly reputable entrepreneurship oriented interdisciplinary academic journal within Nigerian Universities. The journal therefore provides a platform for publication of studies which effectively capture developments in entrepreneurship world and academic research in multidisciplinary areas targeted to serve international academic and research communities as well as other policy makers in both private and public institutions.

BUJEIS is an online journal with three editions published every year in: February, June and October. Printed version of the journal shall, however, be produced for the authors and interested general public on demand. The journal emphasis is on empirical, applied, and policy-oriented research in entrepreneurship and interdisciplinary studies. Common empirical methods including (but not limited to) qualitative, quantitative, or triangulated methods and content analysis are prevalent among articles published in this journal.

With great delight, I introduce the inaugural edition of BUJEIS. This edition has articles from varied disciplines (Engineering, Finance and Accounting, Economics, Entrepreneurship, Environmental Sciences, Peace, Conflict and Security and others) by authors from different universities within Nigeria and abroad. We hope that this journal will attract the attention of academia within and outside Nigeria and also make positive contributions towards academic research activities in international community.

On behalf of the editorial board, I sincerely appreciate our Vice-Chancellor who did not only approve the processing of this journal but provided all needed supports to see to the actualization of this inaugural edition. Also appreciated are: our contributors, reviewers, and readers. It is my earnest hope that this journal shall serve the purpose of motivating the academic community into deeper research in entrepreneurship and interdisciplinary areas.

Emeka Emmanuel Ene (Ph.D.) 

Professor of Financial Economics Chief Editor

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